Environ Health Perspect. 2010;118(12):1768–74. Smith-Spangler et al. Danish Research Centre for Organic Farming (DARCOF)/ Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The preferred way of correcting deficiency is salt iodisation [210, 211], because salt is consumed almost universally and with little seasonal variation [212]. 2009;53(2):183–8. Third ed. European Commission: Analysis and conclusions from member States' assessment of the risk to health and the environment from cadmium in Fertilisers. 2015;82:69–75. It also reduces the occupational exposure of farm workers to pesticides and drift exposures of rural populations. J Sci Food Agric. [12]); organic meat, milk, and dairy products have approximately higher concentrations of nutritionally-desirable omega-3 fatty acids; intakes of very long chain omega-3 fatty acids in Western diets and there are EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recommendation to at least double their intake (discussed by Średnicka-Tober et al. Organic Farming Builds Healthy Soil. Intake of fruits and vegetables with low-to-moderate pesticide residues is positively associated with semen-quality parameters among young healthy men. Residues of more than one pesticide were found in approximately 25% of the samples but calculations of cumulative risks were not included in the reports [74,75,76]. organic food consumption, will necessarily be based on self-reported data that may be prone to measurement error. Int J Androl. Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Wanger TC, Jackson L, Motzke I, Perfecto I, Vandermeer J, Whitbread A. 2010;125(6):e1270–7. Karlsson I, Friberg H, Steinberg C, Persson P. Fungicide effects on fungal community composition in the wheat phyllosphere. 2007;6(2–3):94–110. 2011;119(8):1182–8. The aim of this research is to open up access to current knowledge about organic food and organic production and how they contribute to the improvement of human and environmental health.”. The perspectives in Organic farming in relation to human health. Markedly different gene expression in wheat grown with organic or inorganic fertilizer. 2017;15(9):4718. The organophosphate insecticides contributing to the exposure might differ between the US and the EU, also in regard to oral and respiratory intakes. Climate Friendly. Roca M, Miralles-Marco A, Ferre J, Perez R, Yusa V. Biomonitoring exposure assessment to contemporary pesticides in a school children population of Spain. Among studies of nutrient intakes, the OrgTrace cross-over intervention study of 33 males, the plant-based fraction of the diets was produced in controlled field trials, but 12 days of intervention did not reveal any effect of the production system on the overall intake or bioavailability of zinc and copper, or plasma status of carotenoids [27, 28]. Nutrients. from authorities and intergovernmental organisations. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies: Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. Two separate strategies were chosen to properly adjust for confounders [46]. The general population’s exposure to several pesticides can be measured by analysing blood and urine samples, as is routinely done in the US [80] although not yet in Europe. Influence of the input system (conventional versus organic farming) on metabolite profiles of maize (Zea Mays) kernels. Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AKM, Wertheim HFL, Sumpradit N, Vlieghe E, Hara GL, Gould IM, Goossens H, et al. Swedish animal welfare regulations and their impact on food animal production. 2007;564:1–14. In general, organic plant products are more mature than conventionally produced plant products. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions) and (2) controlled human dietary intervention studies comparing effects of organic and conventional diets. 2011;10:79. Landbauforschung Völkenrode Spec. Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JP, Tognolini M, Borges G, Crozier A. Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Consumption of a diet low in advanced glycation end products for 4 weeks improves insulin sensitivity in overweight women. The FA composition of the feed is a strong determinant of the fatty acid composition of the milk, egg or meat [190, 191]. 2013;12(1):79. WHO: Health indicators of sustainable agriculture, food and nutrition security in the context of the Rio+20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development. 2009;89(5):1425–32. Human Health Effects of Agriculture The agricultural sector has undergone immense change since the publication of Agriculture at Risk in 1988. Regenerative organic agriculture eliminates the threat of toxic chemicals and antibiotics from our food system and improves the soil for stronger, healthier plants. Environ Int. In: Off J Eur Union 2008. Jones K, Johnston A. Cadmium in cereal grain and herbage from long-term experimental plots at Rothamsted UK. and consumer education.

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