(We also checked Prospector for sodium hyaluronate versions actually used in cosmetic products and found that the most common molecular weight was 1.5-1.8 million Da that absolutely counts as high molecular weight). It’s a real goodie no matter if you eat it or put it on your face. Its typical use level in most cream type formulas is 2-3%. An often used glycol that works as a solvent, humectant, penetration enhancer and also gives a good slip to the products. It's a natural and Ecocert approved duo. It doubles as an active ingredient with barrier repairing and soothing properties. Butylene glycol, or let’s just call it BG, is a multi-tasking colorless, syrupy liquid. Simple alcohol that's a great solvent, penetration enhancer, creates cosmetically elegant, light formulas, great astringent, and antimicrobial. Nice to spot on any ingredient list. A Spanish radiation oncologist, Rafael Abad Iglesias MD discovered for the first time that snail mucin can be used to treat radiation dermatitis (skin irritation caused by radiotherapy, a form of cancer treatment). It often comes to the formula coupled with Sorbitan Olivate as the two together form the well-known, natural emulsifier trade named Olivem 1000. The good ones contain 50-90% catechins (and often make the product brown and give it a distinctive smell), Green tea is proven to be a great antioxidant, UV protectant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial, Because of these awesome properties green tea is a great choice for anti-aging and also for skin diseases including rosacea, acne and atopic dermatitis, GHK-Cu is a copper-peptide complex found naturally in yucky bodily fluids (plasma, saliva, and urine), It has unique wound healing properties by stimulating the breakdown of unhealthy, too large collagen in scar tissue and stimulating nice and healthy collagen production afterwards, It stimulates the production of several important skin-identical ingredients (e.g. No harmful ingredients are included. HA is famous for its crazy water holding capacity as it can bind up to 1000 times its own weight in water. A superabsorbent polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) that has crazy water binding abilities. They also have a nice silicone feel with glide-on spreading. It‘s also shown to have wound healing properties and is a mild antioxidant. Second, SS induces fibroblast proliferation, that's particularly important during wound healing. The manufacturer of the ingredient did a published study with 27 people and examined the effect of 0.5% beta-glucan. It has polyphenols including anthocyanins and ellagitannins that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula (that usually get into there from water) that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes. Recently science has taken an interest in Gotu Kola as well and it turns out it really has many active compounds with several benefits. First, it has serious antioxidant properties thanks to two great antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione s-transferase. The American biochemist, Stanley Cohen discovered EGF and was awarded a Noble prize in 1986 for it. It’s very alkaline (you know the opposite of being very acidic): a 1% solution has a pH of around 10. Waxy, white, solid stuff that helps water and oil to mix together and leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth. It’s not a strong one and doesn’t really work against bacteria, but more against mold and yeast. Part of Olivem 1000, a natural emulsifier duo that is known for forming biomimetic liquid crystal structures. Other tasks include helping the product to absorb faster and deeper into the skin (penetration enhancer), making the product spread nicely over the skin (slip agent), and attracting water (humectant) into the skin. He did a clinical study with 100 patients and reported a "statistically significant clinical improvement in erythema, itching and burning pain" in the group treated with snail slime. As for hair care, it is a non-volatile silicone meaning that it stays on the hair rather than evaporates from it and smoothes the hair like no other thing. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). There are also studies comparing Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 with anti-aging gold standard, retinol. If HA does not tell you anything we have a super detailed, geeky explanation about it here. One of them compared 3ppm Pal-KTTKS with 700 ppm (0.07%) retinol and found that they showed similar wrinkle improving ability with the peptide showing better skin tolerability. Mizon Black Snail All in One Cream: rated 4 out of 5 on MakeupAlley. As for skincare, it can make the skin feel nice and smooth in moisturizers (emollient) or it can act as a foam building cleansing agent in cleansers. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula (that usually get into there from water) that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes. So snail slime is the yucky stuff that snails (in cosmetics the secretion of Cornu Aspersum, the garden snail is used) produce when they are in stress (it's not the same as the one they secret to be able to move nicely and smoothly). It's most famously used to treat bruisings, but there are some studies that show that it's not better than placebo (source: wikipedia).

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