Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. John II of Castile : biography 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454 John II (Sp. In 1418, John married his cousin Maria of Aragon, the oldest daughter of the king Ferdinand I of Aragon and his wife Eleanor of Alburquerque. After Luna had connived at a murder, the tide turned; and in 1453 John II was persuaded to arrest and execute his favourite. At her instigation, he dismissed his faithful and able favorite, an act which is said to have caused him much remorse. We provide you with news from the entertainment industry. John II (6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454. [2] His mother was the granddaughter of King Peter, who was ousted by Henry III's grandfather, King Henry II. John II (Sp. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. John II of Castile (Spanish: Juan; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile[1] and León from 1406 to 1454. He and Luna vanquished the dissidents at the Battle of Olmedo in 1445. John I (Spanish: Juan I; 24 August 1358 – 9 October 1390) was king of the Crown of Castile from 1379 until 1390. In 1430 a settlement was reached, and John II led a campaign against Granada, defeating the Muslims in the Battle of Higueruela (1431). John II's Regents declared the Valladolid laws in 1411, which restricted the social activity of Jews. The King protected the poet Juan de Mena and encouraged other writers. Among the most notable of the provisions were outlining that Jews must wear distinctive clothes and banned them from holding administrative positions. John II, (born March 6, 1405, Toro, Castile—died July 21, 1454, Valladolid), king of Castile from 1406 to 1454; his political weakness led him to rely on his favourite, Álvaro de Luna, whom he made constable. He was entirely under the influence of his favourite, Álvaro de Luna, until his second wife, Isabella of Portugal, obtained control of his feeble will. John was amiable, weak, and dependent on those about him. : Juan II de Castilla) (6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. : Juan II de Castilla) (6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. The king of Castile finally bought off the claim of his English competitor by arranging a marriage between his son Henry and Catherine, daughter of John of Gaunt, in 1387. [4] This exchange is depicted in the short ballad the Romance of Abenamar. His mother Catherine and his uncle, Ferdinand, were co-regents during his minority. The marriage produced four children: Of all their children, only the future Henry IV of Castile survived infancy. In 1447 Luna persuaded John, now a widower, to marry Isabella of Portugal, who soon opposed him. At her instigation, he dismissed and executed his faithful and able servant, an act which is said to have caused him much remorse. The siblings were later moved to Henry's court at Madrid and were placed in the household of Henry’s wife, Queen Joan. He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Catherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). John II, (born March 6, 1405, Toro, Castile—died July 21, 1454, Valladolid), king of Castile from 1406 to 1454; his political weakness led him to rely on his favourite, Álvaro de Luna, whom he made constable. He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Katherine of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster by Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile (known as 'Pedro the Cruel'). He was the last monarch of Castile to receive a formal coronation. He married Maria of Aragon (1396-1445) 1418 JL. This exchange is depicted in the short ballad the Romance of Abenamar. In 1431, John placed Yusuf IV on the throne as the Sultan of Granada in the Moorish Emirate of Granada, in exchange for tribute and vassal status to Castile. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. FAMpeople is your site which contains biographies of famous people of the past and present. From ‘Crónica de Juan II’ by Lorenza Galindez de Carvajal (1517). He was the son of Henry II and of his wife Juana Manuel of Castile. His mother was the granddaughter of King Peter, who was ousted by Henry III's grandfather, King Henry II. Interesting stories about famous people, biographies, humorous stories, photos and videos. He was the son of Henry III of Castile and his wife Catherine of Lancaster, daughter of John […] He married Isabella of Portugal (c1428-1496) August 1447 JL. During John’s reign the revival of learning had its effect on the culture of the court and nobility. English: John II of Castile (Spanish: Juan II de Castilla; Toro, 6 March 1405 – Valladolid, 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454, and he was son of the king Henry III of Castile and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster. However, once John took control of the throne for himself in 1418, he (though likely influenced politically by de Luna) reversed such ordinances, favoring instead a more tolerant attitude toward the already battered Jewish population of Castile following the mass wave of conversions between 1391–1415. John was widowed in 1445 and remarried to Isabella of Portugal,[2] daughter of Infante John of Portugal, with whom he had two children: From 'Crónica de Juan II' by Lorenza Galindez de Carvajal (1517), "Juan II of Castile; Enrique IV of Castile", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_II_of_Castile&oldid=983818813, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 October 2020, at 12:24. John was the son of King Henry III and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster. He was nevertheless considered a man of cultivated taste and a patron of poets. John took the reins in 1419 but soon placed himself in the hands of his companion Luna, who contested the influence of Ferdinand’s sons in Castile. © Copyright © 2012-2020 Stories People All rights reserved. In 1418, John married Maria of Aragon, the oldest daughter of his paternal uncle, Ferdinand I of Aragon. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-II-king-of-Castile, Fact Monster - People - Biography of John II, King of Castile. Corrections? He was "[T]all and handsome, fair-skinned and slightly ruddy... his hair was the color of a very mature hazelnut, the nose a little snub, the eyes between green and blue... he had very graceful legs and feet and hands."[5]. John II of Castile (Spanish: Juan; 6 March 1405 – 20 July 1454) was King of Castile and León from 1406 to 1454. In the beginning of his reign John had to contend with the hostility of John of Gaunt, who claimed the crown by right of his wife Constance, daughter of Peter I the Cruel. When Ferdinand I died in 1416, his mother governed alone until her death in 1418. Black Friday Sale! He died on 20 July 1454, at Valladolid. His favourite, Álvaro de Luna, heavily influenced him until his second wife, Isabella of Portugal, obtained control of his feeble will. Among the most notable of the provisions were; outlining that Jews must wear distinctive clothes and banned them from holding administrative positions. Isabella and Alfonso were virtually exiled to Segovia and their mother to Arevalo. John succeeded his father, Henry III, as an infant of less than two years of age, under the joint regency of his mother, Catherine of Lancaster, and his uncle, the infante Ferdinand, who became king of Aragon (as Ferdinand I) in 1412. John II sequestered his son, the future Henry IV, at Segovia, giving rise to fresh rivalries. John succeeded his father on 25 December 1406, and united in his person the claims of both Peter and Henry II. In 1431 John placed Yusuf IV on the throne of the Moorish kingdom of Granada, in exchange for tribute and vassal status to Castile. The relationship between Álvaro and Juan has been described as pederastic.[3]. John was the son of King Henry III and his wife, Catherine of Lancaster.

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