[206] S. Ilavazhagi carrom world champion from 2002–2016. The state comprises 39 Lok Sabha constituencies and 234 Legislative Assembly constituencies.[61]. The western, southern, and the northwestern parts are hilly and rich in vegetation. There are a total of 27,878,282 workers, comprising 4,738,819 cultivators, 6,062,786 agricultural labourers, 1,261,059 in house hold industries, 11,695,119 other workers, 4,120,499 marginal workers, 377,220 marginal cultivators, 2,574,844 marginal agricultural labourers, 238,702 marginal workers in household industries and 929,733 other marginal workers. [185], In Tamil Nadu, the Government of India is to set up a new Rocket launch pad near Kulasekharapatnam in Thoothukudi district for which the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has begun work. Tamil grammarians of the time classified it as a dependent phoneme (or restricted phoneme[109]) (cārpeḻuttu), but it is very rare in modern Tamil. [29] According to a 2001 survey, there were 1,863 newspapers published in Tamil, of which 353 were dailies.[30]. In India, the ‘standard' koṭuntamiḻ, rather than on any one dialect,[103] but has been significantly influenced by the dialects of Thanjavur and Madurai. Apart from the usual numerals, Tamil has numerals for 10, 100 and 1000. [64], Contact with European languages affected written and spoken Tamil. Tamil is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka. Neyveli Airport is being renovated since 2019[184] to start the service from mid 2020. Tamil Nadu is also home to the Tamil film industry nicknamed as "Kollywood", which released the most number of films in India in 2013. The state had come under the president's rule on four occasions – first from 1976 to 1977, next for a short period in 1980, then from 1988 to 1989 and the latest in 1991. Tamil Nadu has a wide range of biomes extending east from the South Western Ghats montane rain forests in the Western Ghats through the South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests and Deccan thorn scrub forests to tropical dry broadleaf forests and then to the beaches, estuaries, salt marshes, mangroves, seagrasses and coral reefs of the Bay of Bengal. [131], There are more than 30 television channels of various genres in Tamil. The state has a range of flora and fauna with many species and habitats. With SaaS Companies like Zoho Corporation, Freshworks, KiSSFLOW, Chargebee, GoFrugal and MadStreetDen founded, in & around Chennai, taking advantage of serving a large volume of small and mid-sized industries in Tamil Nadu, often shunned by bigger SaaS corporation, While simultaneously serving European/North American Markets as well, Chennai has emerged as the "SaaS Capital of India"[175][176][177][178]. To give an example, the word pōkamuṭiyātavarkaḷukkāka (போகமுடியாதவர்களுக்காக) means "for the sake of those who cannot go" and consists of the following morphemes: Tamil nouns (and pronouns) are classified into two super-classes (tiṇai)—the "rational" (uyartiṇai), and the "irrational" (akṟiṇai)—which include a total of five classes (pāl, which literally means "gender"). Tamil Nadu has six Nationalised Home Banks which originated in this state; Two government-sector banks Indian Bank and Indian Overseas Bank in Chennai, and four private-sector banks City Union Bank in Kumbakonam, Karur Vysya Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank in Karur, and Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited in Tuticorin. One of the official language of SINGAPORE 3. [201] With a generating capacity of 648 MWp at a single location, it is the world's sixth largest (as of 2018) solar park. [153] Tamil Nadu Agricultural University with its seven colleges and thirty-two research stations spread over the entire state contributes to evolving new crop varieties and technologies and disseminating through various extension agencies. In 1969, Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu, meaning "Tamil country".[52]. 48.4 per cent of the state's population lives in urban areas, the third-highest percentage among large states in India. It is often possible to identify a person's caste by their speech. Copyright © 2020 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. The increasing use of koṭuntamiḻ in modern times has led to the emergence of unofficial ‘standard' spoken dialects. Tamil Nadu is the seventh most populous state in India. It has now been converted into a joint venture of the governments of India and of Tamil Nadu with equal equity holding. Road transport is provided by state owned Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation and State Express Transport Corporation. The material evidence suggests that the speakers of Proto-Dravidian were of the culture associated with the Neolithic complexes of South India. Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai is an international cricket ground with a capacity of 50,000 and houses the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association. Reading an excerpt from, Literary Tamil pronunciation in song written by, urupːurai ond̺rʉ | mənid̪ə piriʋijinər səgələrum sud̪ən̪d̪irəmaːgəʋeː pirəkːin̺d̺ranər | əvərgəɭ məd̪ipːilum uriməigəɭilum səməmaːnəʋərgəɭ | əvərgəɭ nijaːjatːəijum mənətt͡ʃaːʈt͡ʃijəijum ijərpəɳbaːgə pet̺rəʋərgəɭ | əvərgəɭ oruʋəruɖənoruʋər sagoːdəɾə uɳərʋɨ paːŋgil nəɖən̪d̪ʉkoɭɭəl veːɳɖum |, Ramanujam, A. K.; Dharwadker, V. The state generates a significant proportion of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power installed capacity at over 7154 MW,[195] accounting for 38 per cent of total installed wind power in India . Tamil Nadu has the country's third-longest coastline at about 906.9 km (563.5 mi). Tamil Nadu has a transportation system that connects all parts of the state. In 1762, a tripartite treaty was signed between Thanjavur Maratha, Carnatic, and the British by which Thanjavur became a vassal of the Nawab of the Carnatic which eventually ceded to the British. [39] In 1639, the British, under the East India Company, established a settlement further south of Pulicat, in present-day Chennai. [100] Unique cultural features like Bharatanatyam[101] (dance), Tanjore painting,[102] and Tamil architecture were developed and continue to be practised in Tamil Nadu. [120] In the first person plural, Tamil makes a distinction between inclusive pronouns நாம் nām (we), நமது namatu (our) that include the addressee and exclusive pronouns நாங்கள் nāṅkaḷ (we), எமது ematu (our) that do not.[120]. Software exports from Tamil Nadu grew from ₹76 billion ($1.6 billion) in 2003–04 to ₹207 billion {$5 billion} by 2006–07 according to NASSCOM[172] and to ₹366 billion in 2008–09 which shows 29 per cent growth in software exports according to STPI. It is the most widely spoken The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Chennai is a multi-purpose stadium hosting football and track and field events. Instead, plosives are articulated with voice depending on their position in a word, in accordance with the rules of Tamil phonology. Tamil has five vowel qualities, namely /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/ and /u/. During the administration of Governor George Harris (1854–1859) measures were taken to improve education and increase the representation of Indians in the administration. [131][132][133] In addition, Sanskritisation was actively resisted by a number of authors of the late medieval period,[134] culminating in the 20th century in a movement called taṉit tamiḻ iyakkam (meaning "pure Tamil movement"), led by Parithimaar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal, which sought to remove the accumulated influence of Sanskrit on Tamil. [196] It is presently adding the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant to its energy grid, which on completion would be the largest atomic power plant in the country with 2000MW installed capacity. [22] Tamil language inscriptions written in Brahmi script have been discovered in Sri Lanka and on trade goods in Thailand and Egypt. 300 BC – AD 300. This SPV named as “Chennai Metro Rail Limited” was incorporated on 3 December 2007 under the Companies Act. [16], A recorded Tamil literature has been documented for over 2000 years. The Sangam literature collection contains 2381 poems composed by 473 poets, some 102 of whom remain anonymous. The state has two distinct periods of rainfall: The annual rainfall of the state is about 945 mm (37.2 in) of which 48 per cent is through the northeast monsoon, and 32 per cent through the southwest monsoon.

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